A. Only US citizens can sponsor their parents for greencards. As Carl stated, they can visit you with tourist visas. You can apply for your naturalization 4 years and 9 months after becoming a lawful permanent resident.

A. Some applicants don't have to satisfy the English requirement; that is, they are exempt from showing they can read, speak, and write English. You don't have to take the English test if you are: 50 years old or older and you've lived in the U.S. as a permanent resident for at least 20 years.

A. You must meet certain requirements:
1. you must have been physically present in the U.S. for 10 years;
2. you must have good moral character during that time.
3. you must show "exceptional and extremely unusual" hardship to your U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident spouse, parent or child if you were to be deported.

A. If you apply for a U visa today, you can expect to wait at least nine months for USCIS to determine whether you are eligible for the U visa. To check average processing times for U visas and other applications, click here, but remember that individual processing times may vary significantly from case to case.

A. People whose adjustment of status applications are pending can travel abroad and work legally in the United States. To work in the United States while their applications for green cards are pending, they need to file Form I-765, Application for Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and get work permits.